Transcript of the spermogram

Brief description of spermogram parameters

The peculiarity of semen analysis is the variability of its parameters is quite high, therefore, in case of negative results, it is recommended to repeat the analysis.

Physical properties of seminal fluid

1. Volume - the average amount of sperm released during coitus is 3-3.5 ml. Sometimes it ranges from 2 to 6 ml. Low ejaculate volume is a sign of spermatogenesis disorders.
2. Color - fresh semen normally has a grayish-whitish color with milky-white opalescence. Pathological impurities change the color of sperm (pink or brown - blood, yellow with pyospermia (pus), etc.)
3. Viscosity is determined after complete dilution of the sperm, along the length of the nerve thread on the stick. Increased sperm viscosity is observed in inflammatory processes in the prostate gland or in the seminal vesicles. A decrease in the viscosity of sperm is characteristic of the lesion of seminal vesicles.
Turbidity is an ejaculate containing a large number of spermatozoa, cloudy, milky-white in color. Vitreous-transparent sperm is poor in spermatozoa (azoospermia).
4. Acidity (PH) - fresh sperm has a pH of 7.2-7.6. Significant alkalinity of sperm indicates hypospermia or azoospermia and a large amount of sperm plasma. The acidic reaction of the sperm (with the simultaneous absence of fructose) indicates that the alkaline secretion of the seminal vesicles does not fall into the ejaculate, which is observed when the excretory ducts of both seminal vesicles are blocked, but not about the atrophy of the epithelium of the excretory tubules of the testicles.
5. White blood cells - an increase in white blood cells in semen indicates the presence of inflammatory processes or infections in the genitourinary and reproductive system.
6. Erythrocytes in the spermogram is a symptom that often indicates the presence of serious diseases of the male reproductive system.
7. Lecithin grains are a natural product of prostate metabolism. Their reduced number indicates the presence of pathology or improperly collected sperm.

Sperm concentration and motility

1. Concentration is the most important indicator of the spermogram, reflecting the fertilizing ability of sperm. Normally from 15 million per 1 ml. A decrease in sperm concentration indicates the development of oligozoospermia.
2. Sperm motility - according to the WHO recommendation from 2010, spermatozoa are divided into
   • Progressively mobile (PR, formerly general mobility A+B).
   • Non-progressive-mobile (NP, previously other types of mobility C).
   • Fixed (IM, D).
   The onset of pregnancy in a natural way is possible if the total number of spermatozoa is not less than 39 million, of which more than 40% are mobile.

Kruger morphology

Semen analysis without morphology according to Kruger is called a preliminary assessment of the ejaculate. And only when assessing strict criteria for morphometry, the analysis can be called a spermogram.

The study of the morphology of spermatozoa, i.e. the determination of cells with normal structure and fertilizing ability in the spermogram, is directly related to the possibility of natural conception.

Other studies in the spermogram

1. Spermatogenesis cells are cells from which mature spermatozoa are formed in the testicles. An increase in their number indicates ineffective spermatogenesis and indicates a secretory form of infertility. A decrease is a violation of sperm reproduction, up to azoospermia.
2. The viability of spermatozoa is characterized by the proportion of mobile (living) spermatozoa from their total number.
3. Teratozoospermia Index (ITZ) is the number of anomalies per abnormal sperm on average. It allows you to predict the chances of both natural fertilization and the success of the IVF procedure.
4. Aggregation of spermatozoa is their accumulation in the ejaculate in the form of clots, on which the accumulation of mucus and other elements is noted. This condition is considered pathological and may prevent conception.
5. MAR-test - shows the ratio of sperm coated with antisperm antibodies to their total number. With a high amount of antisperm antibodies, conception is impossible.

Rules for spermogram delivery

According to the recommendation of the WHO (World Health Organization), the delivery of a spermogram should be carried out by masturbation, and not by interrupted sexual intercourse or in another way. To take a sperm test, a specially designated room is equipped in the laboratory. The door in it closes from the inside. To make it easier to take an ejaculate analysis, there are erotic magazines in the room.

If you are assigned a spermogram, the rules of delivery assume 3-4 days of preparation:

• it is forbidden to take alcoholic beverages (including beer), as well as the use of tobacco;
• it is forbidden to engage in sexual acts;
• do not visit saunas, baths, and do not take hot baths.

Repeated delivery of a spermogram involves the implementation of the same rules.

To properly evaluate the results of a spermogram, it is necessary to take it several times. If after the first delivery of the spermogram, the doctor said that the spermogram is bad, do not despair. With repeated analysis, the sperm may have other characteristics. A change in these characteristics may generally affect the interpretation of the transcript of the spermogram.

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