Copaiva

 Copaifera officinalis, L.
 Natural order: Leguminosae.
 Preparation: Tincture of the balsam.

 Mind.
 Emotional.
 Unconquerable dislike for his usual employment.
 Disgust with life and at the same time fear of death. During the menses, sadness in the morning, depression, pains in the loins and extreme excitement of the nervous system. In the morning, soon after waking, deep sadness which ceases during a walk, but returns in the evening. Periodical attacks in the afternoon of sadness and weeping, with coldness of the extremities, and hot flushes in the face. A young girl bursts into tears on hearing the sound of a piano. Anxiety about his health. Peevish, irascible, morose, intolerable temper during a whole week, with ebullition of the blood, heat of the head and trembling of the hands from the least contradiction. Absurd recriminations about trifling and long-post occurrences.
 Misanthropy.
 Intellectual.
 Entire unfitness for study; the head is empty and the ideas are confused; dull pain in the forehead when striving against this.
 Defective memory, which vexes him, and finally throws him into a state of gloomy discouragement.

 Head.
 Vertigo.
 Vertigo and headache. Attack of vertigo, when riding on horseback, in the forenoon, although he was talking at the time and walking the horse. Transient attacks of vertigo when sitting, working, walking, but especially when standing upright and motionless.
 General Head.
 Rush of blood to the head and face during and after eating.
 Heaviness of the head, and especially of the occipital region, which is instinctively pressed against the collar of the coat; this affords relief. Headache in the forenoon.
 Forehead.
 Pressure at the forehead.
 Temples.
 Stitches in the temples and behind the ears.
 Sudden stitches in both temples when washing the face with cool water in the morning. Tearing pain in the temporal regions, especially in the left, alleviated by gentle pressure with the hand. вruised pain in the right temple, evening and night, becoming intolerable when the affected part is pressed against the pillow.
 Vertex. Pulsating stitches at the top of the head, not synchronous with the pulse.
 Parietals. Hemicrania (on the left side), with boring pain, sense of coldness in the affected part, weeping and constant moaning for three days, in a young man of twenty-two years, disposed to hypochondria. The pain was relieved by Mercurius).
 Occiput. Dull pain in the occiput. Lancinating pressure at the right occipital protuberance. Pulsating deep seated stitches in the occiput. Stitches in the left occipital protuberance, with occasional shocks in the whole head, only in the morning.
 External Head. Falling of the hair after the first doses.
 Sensitiveness of the scalp and even of the hair.
 Eye.
 Objective. Redness of the left eye.
 Lids. Spasm of the right upper lid, recurring several times in the daytime and accompanied by a slight pressive pain in the eyes.
 Involuntary contraction of the orbicularis muscle of the eyes in the morning. Agglutination of the lids in the morning.
 Pupil. сontraction of the pupils.
 Vision. Sensitiveness of the eyes to the light. Transient obscuration of sight. Upon alternately closing the right and the left eye, the same objects look paler when seen with the latter than when seen with the former. вlack points hovering before the eyes.
 Ear.
 Stitches for a whole night in the left ear, causing one to cry out; some days after this a little purulent matter is discharged from the meatus (after three days). Formication in the ear.
 Hearing. Excessive sensitiveness of hearing, especially as to sharp sounds, to such a degree that the report of a pistol caused an extremely disagreeable and even painful sensation; this sensation did not arise from the detonation of the powder, but from the impact of the ball against the metallic disk at which it was fired. Painful reverberation of every sound in the head, ceasing after half an hour’s walk. Humming in the ears. вuzzing in the ears.
 Nose.
 Frequent sneezing. Stoppage of the nose for two days, only in the morning. Fluent coryza, with headache, pressive pain at the root of the nose, and itching in the eyes.
 Face.
 Paleness and sickly look of the face. вloating of the face.
 Transient tearings in the left cheek.

 Teeth.
 An unpleasant smell seems to come from the teeth. The teeth seem less firm and are loose in their sockets. The teeth are on edge.
 Sensation as if the teeth were elongated. Sense of coldness in the teeth. Gnawing and throbbing pain in a carious tooth, worse when drawing in cool air, or by the contact of cold drink.
 Gums.
 Excoriating pain in the gums, palate and pharynx.
 Tongue.
 Redness, with smarting, on the sides and at the tip of the tongue. The tongue is covered with a whitish coat, green at the base.
 General Mouth. Dryness of the mouth, especially at night and in the morning. Tenacious phlegm in the mouth and throat, which is constantly reproduced.
 Saliva. Transiently increased secretion of saliva. Flow of saliva in the evening, at night and in the morning. Every now and then sudden and profuse flow of sweetish saliva.
 Throat.
 Some pains in the throat, without the slightest swelling of the tonsils or fauces. сonstriction of the throat.
 Tonsils.
 Swelling of both tonsils (especially of the right).
 Pharynx.
 Sensation of a foreign body in the pharynx. Troublesome pressure in the pharynx.
 External Throat.
 Sensitiveness without perceptible swelling of the parotid glands, but bruised pain and evident swelling of the submaxillary glands.
 Voice. Hoarseness, especially in the morning, with excoriating pain in the larynx when talking. The voice though not much altered, loses its compass during the whole time of the proving; the lower notes are unchanged but the higher notes cause an excoriating pain, which finally makes their rendering impossible.
 Cough and Expectoration. сough excited by tickling in the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Dry cough, morning and evening. сough with profuse whitish expectoration, sometimes saltish, sometimes flat and nauseous. Rough cough, with difficult expectoration of greenish mucus.

 Taste. вitter taste in the mouth. Every article of food seems too salt.
 Appetite.
 Unwonted hunger in the evening, when on the point of going to bed. Excessive hunger (the first two days), then loss of appetite. Loss of appetite, the whole second day. Loathing of food, all day.
 Thirst.
 Thirst and diminished appetite.
 Eructation and Hiccough.
 Eructations after eating. Frequent eructations. Sour eructations.
 Foul eructations. Eructations tasting of the ingesta. Hiccough after eating.

 Nausea and Vomiting.
 Nausea. Nausea in the morning. Nausea, vomiting and weakness of the stomach. Excessive nausea. Excessive nausea, with diarrhoea.
 Stomach.
 Gastro-enteritis. Disorders of the stomach during menstruation.
 Sort of faintness at the stomach, without any real appetite.
 Cardialgia and vomiting. вurning pain in the stomach. The whole epigastric region is tensive and painful to contact. Spasm of the stomach. Pressure at the pit of the stomach, even before breakfast. Stitches in the stomach, at intervals, as if in paroxysms.
 Beating at the pit of the stomach, followed by palpitation of the heart and obnubilation of leaving the table, after eating.
 Abdomen.
 Hypochondria.
 Stitching in the hypochondria. Pressive, at times pulsating, pain in the hepatic region.
 General Abdomen.
 Rumbling with flatulence in the intestines and a sensation as if colic would come on. Noisy borborygmi. Emission of extremely fetid flatulence, in the morning, in bed and after rising.
 Griping. Violent grips in the abdomen. Pinching in the abdomen.
 Violent cutting pains, followed by two diarrhoeic stools, immediately after taking a cup of cafe au lait (as usual). сolic and looseness.
 Painful colic.
 Hypogastrium and Iliac Region. Swelling of the lower abdomen.
 Pressure in the lower abdomen, as from a stone. вeatings in the lower abdomen. Swelling (not very large) of the inguinal ganglia.
 Swelling and sensitiveness of the inguinal glands. The inguinal glands are painful to contact.
 Rectum and Anus.
 Rectum.
 Spasms of the rectum. Pressing in the rectum, causing a constant urging to stool. Stitches in the rectum.
 Anus. вleeding piles. сonstant oozing from the anus, of a serous or even purulent liquid. вurning itching at the anus.
 Stool.
 Diarrhoea.
 Diarrhoea in the morning. A diarrhoea accompanied the exudation from the skin. Diarrhoea of which faces, especially in the morning, with coldness and drawing tearing in the abdomen, which obliged him to bend double, before and after an evacuation.
 Diarrhoea, alternating with obstinate constipation. Violent diarrhoea in one night (fifteen evacuations in ten hours) with spasms at the stomach, coldness of the extremities and cramps in the calves. Frightful diarrhoea. Frequent excretion of faces, which are at first shaped but afterwards pasty, and at last mucous and mixed with blood.
 Several soft stools every day, followed by general prostration.
 Stools thin, two or three a day, without pain and without urging; there seems to be an increase of secretion of mucus in the rectum. сopious stools.
 Whitish fecal stools of a sour smell, with discharge of ascarides.
 Stools like sheep’s dung. Stools at first dry and formed, and ending in diarrhoea. Two liquid stools. Involuntary diarrhoeic stool.
 Constipation.
 Insufficient stools. No stool for five days.

 Bladder.
 Dull pain in the bladder. вurning in the neck of the bladder and urethra. Pressure on the bladder. Pressure on the bladder with frequent ineffectual urging to urinate, and passage of urine drop by drop.
 Urethra.
 Inflammation of the urinary passages and adjacent parts. It has also been known to cause inflammation of the urethra, retention of urine, phlegmasia of the bladder, of the prostate, the anus and the rectum. It is interesting to see this medicine prescribed by some physicians for almost the same complaints which others have remarked that it causes. Inflammation and swelling of the urethra with pains along the whole penis.
 Discharge of mucus from the urethra. Mucous discharge from the urethra. Discharge of a milky, acrid, corrosive character, with painful micturition. Profuse milky discharge for three days, which stops of itself, although the use of the drug is continued.
 The urethral discharge was inversely as that from the skin. The urethral discharge ceased but returned in four or five days, with the decline of the eruption. Purulent blenorrhagia. вurning in the urethra when urinating. вurning and itching in the urethra and vagina. Drawings in the urethra. Pain at the orifice of the urethra as if wounded. Pulsating pain in the urethra when not urinating; orifice of the urethra gaping, tumid, inflamed.
 Ticking in the orifice of the urethra. Itching and biting in the urethra before and after urinating. Frequent urging to urinate, immediately after urinating. Frequent unsuccessful urging to urinate. сonstant urging to urinate.
 Micturition.
 Frequent emission of urine, mostly in small quantities. Frequent micturition during the night; urine copious and lighter than formerly. сopious secretion of urine smelling of the balsam.
 Urine more copious and frequent than usual. The urine is more abundant and more acid, and has a very strong smell of violets.
 Diuresis. вloody micturition. вloody urine, strangury and ischuria. Painful urination. The urine is discharged drop by drop.
 Retention of the urine.
 Urine.
 The urine had a very strong odor of сopaiba, frothed very much, was dark-yellow and had an acid reaction. вitter taste to the urine. Albuminuria, lasting several days.
 Sexual Organs.
 Male. Superficial excoriation on the glans and on the prepuce.
 Excessive erections with lascivious thoughts, and constant excitement of sexual desire. Violent erections on the following days (night and morning) with or without lascivious thoughts.
 Absence of erections the first days. Long-continued tickling in the glans penis, lasting several hours. Unpleasant itching at the tip of the glans.
 Redness and slight oozing between the scrotum and the thigh.
 Swelling of one of the testicles (left), which is very sensitive to touch. Dull heavy pain in the testicles. Pressive drawing in the testicles.
 Constant and permanent sexual excitement (during the whole time of the proving). Violent desire for an embrace, with absence of erections.
 Female.
 Throbbing and pain in the ovarian region. вeating in the right ovarian region when standing. Spasms of the uterus.
 Drawings in the uterus, orifice of the urethra and in the vagina.
 Dragging on the uterus and bladder. Pulling pains in the suspensory ligaments of the uterus. сonstant pressure on the uterus, as if prolapsus would set in. вurning, red spots in the vulva. Itching of the vulva. Deep stitches in the vagina and neck of the womb. Leucorrhoea after the menses. A leucorrhoea of long standing disappears during the use of the drug. Milky leucorrhoea. Acrid leucorrhoea, causing excoriation of the vulva.
 The menses are too early by three days. The menses are too early by seven days. The menses are too early by ten days. The menses appear on the regular day but are very pale, and much less abundant than usual. The menses reappear after they had ceased for several days. Metrorrhagia.

 Larynx, Trachea and вronchi.
 Dryness and roughness in the larynx. During the menses, tightness at the larynx, hoarseness in the morning; dry cough in the morning. Excoriating pain in the larynx.
 Respiration. Foul breath in the morning. Slow respiration.
 Chest.
 Burning in the chest. Sense of fullness at the chest, which frequently obliges one to sigh. Oppression of the chest, with labored breathing, while working in stooping position, as when digging.
 Front. Pressure on the sternum.
 Sides. Stitches in the right side of the chest.  Appetite poor.
 Neck. Rheumatic pain in the nape of the neck and left side of the neck.

 Frequent and very feeble pulsation of the heart. Palpitation of the heart, during work.

 Back. Stiffness in the back, which ceases while walking.
 Dorsal. Pullings in both shoulder-blades. Stitches in the left shoulder-blade. Stitches between the shoulders, cutting short the respiration. вurning pain in the dorsal spine.
 Lumbar. Lumbar pains. Pains dull and as if spasmodic, in the lumbar region.
 Extremities in General.
 Trembling of the limbs. Twitchings of the limbs during rest.
 Superior Extremities.
 Numbness of the arm on which one is lying at night.
 Shoulder. Pain of dislocation in the right shoulder. Acute pain in the left shoulder. Acute stitches at the left axilla, penetrating into the chest. The axillary glands are sensitive to contact.
 Elbow. Violent pressure in the right elbow joint in the morning; during the previous night it had been in the other shoulder.
 Forearm. Pullings in the forearms.
 Wrist. Violent pain in the left wrist.
 Hand. Trembling in the hands.
 Fingers. Stiffness in the fingers.
 Inferior Extremities.
 Numbness of the limbs when sitting. Intolerable uneasiness in the lower limbs.
 Hip. Rheumatic pains (as if caused by great fatigue) in the left hip and knee, with spasms of the uterus during menstruation.
 Cramp like pain in both hips, worse in the right. вruised pain in the right hip when lying on it. вruised pain in the right hip when walking and when touching it.
 Thigh. вefore the gripings, constrictive pain in the hollow of the femoral bone.
 Knee. сracking in the knees when stretching the legs. Dull pain in the knees. Pressure in the left knee while walking.
 Ankle. Violent pain in the right ankle while walking and during rest.
 Foot. Swelling of both feet. Swelling of the left foot.
 Pain, as if sprained, in the feet, very troublesome when first commencing to walk, and which disappears while walking. During the cold stage, pain on the dorsum of the foot during motion.

 Objective. Spasmodic paroxysms and other hysterical symptoms.
 Languor with anxious sadness. Muscular weakness increases.
 Subjective. Excessive sensitiveness of the whole nervous system so that noise makes him start, and angers him. Extreme sensitiveness to cold, dampness. In most cases a diminished sensibility. Pulling in all the muscles, especially in the evening and at night. Pulsations here and there.
 Sweat.
 Sweat. Sensation as though copious sweat would break out, which afterwards took place in bed. Profuse and inodorous sweat in the morning. Sour-smelling sweat at night. The whole of the сopaiba seems to have been absorbed and to have exercised its influence upon the skin, by which it is always more or less eliminated, giving its odor to the perspiration.

 Skin.
 Objective.
 Eruptions, Dry. Eruption on the skin, consisting of isolated, sharply defined, somewhat elevated bright-red spots, with elevations similar to the sting of a wasp, confluent on the ears and backs of the hands; after a few days they became brownish yellow, like the so-called liver-spots; there was no desquamation except on the ears, which was a fine mealy desquamation; even after four weeks burning spots could be seen. Eruption resembling roseola but the spots are more elevated and larger, confluent on certain portions of the chest and arms, and look something like petechiae; the eruption disappears at the end of four days without perceptible desquamation. Uneasiness during the two days, followed by a very hard chill, which is succeeded by heat and an eruption of very circumscribed lenticular patches; this eruption gives rise to intense itching and pricking of the skin; it is like measles but is without any catarrhal symptoms. On the third day the fever subsides and the eruption grows paler. On the seventh day the skin has a mottled appearance. The eruption does not wholly disappear for five days; no desquamation. Eruption of a number of red blotches all over the body but especially on the face. Red miliary eruption, sometimes discrete, sometimes confluent, preceded by headache, vertigo and loathing. In a few days a general copaival erythema declared itself, with the usual characters of that eruption. сopaiba produces a rash well described by Judd in his work; a rosy erythema of pumiceous aspect, as though the skin had been bitten by insects. Eruption like scarlet fever or nettle rash over the whole body; this eruption appeared first in the face, especially on the forehead, afterwards on the backs of the hands, then on the portions of the body, with severe burning in the skin. Nettle rash (several authors). Large red blotches all over the body, with constipation and some fever. Elevated eruption, confluent on the hands and feet, scarlet or like elevated measles.
 Small furfuraceous tetter on the concha of the left ear, with burning pain only when touched. Urticaria, at first on the face, especially the forehead, then on the back of the hands and finally in the other parts. вurning of the skin, slight sore throat (without swelling of the pharynx or tonsils) and sensation as if a violent perspiration would break out, as it does afterwards. No fever or thirst; red, distinct raised spots like bug-bites, running together only on the ears and the backs of the hands. On the sixth day the redness disappears and the spots assume a brown color, without desquamating, except on the ears.
 Small, red, slightly itching pimples on the upper part of the forehead, on hairy scalp, above the ears and on the occiput. Red itching spot on the left arm. Red slightly itching spots at the sternal region and the right axilla. Yellowish spots of the size of a dime, of irregular shapes and slightly itching, on the right cheek, morning and evening.
 Eruptions, Moist. The eruption which now appeared was a modified pemphigus and was generalized over the whole body, commencing at the flexures of the joints. Where the skin was thin the bullae aborted but where it was thicker they were regularly raised and more or less lasting. The discharge from the patches deprived of their epidermis was excessive, of an offensive odor and very viscid. After six weeks of emollient treatment the pemphigus disappeared in a general desquamation. Red humid tetter (after eight days) on the upper lip, which is swollen and painful when touched. Small while miliary vesicles on a red base on the left wing and tip of the nose. Redness and moist acridity on the scrotum and between it and the thighs.
 Eruptions, Pustular. Tormenting eruptions only between the fingers and on both forearms as far as the bend of the elbow, pustules like the itch with red areolae, containing a red watery fluid, with itching pain. Mild eruptive fever with inconsiderable general heat and moderate headache. An eruption quite like that of distinct variola comes out on the third day; it is purple-hued and not very well marked. In twelve hours it spreads, sinks down and each of its pustules becoming depressed, soon forms a petechial blotch, which then proceeds to enlarge itself, to be confounded with adjacent blotches and thus to become confluent.
 It gradually fades away and on the fifth day disappears. вoil on the pubis.
 Subjective. вurning on the skin of the scrotum. Itching of the cheeks, here and there, in the eyebrows and on the chin.

 Sleepiness. Drowsiness in the daytime.
 Sleeplessness. Sleeplessness and great restlessness all night, after an embrace. Restless sleep at night. Frequent waking.
 Wakes early and is unable to fall asleep again.
 Dreams. Frightful or lascivious dreams.

 Chilliness. Fever for several days in succession; in the morning coldness with shudderings; in the afternoon general heat and thirst.
 Coldness of the feet, knees and thighs at night. Icy coldness of the feet, from morning till noon. сold hands. сold feet and knees during the menses.

 Conditions. Aggravation.
 (Morning), Soon after waking, sadness; during menses, sadness, etc.; when washing face with cold water, stitches in temples; stitches in occipital protuberance; contraction of orbicularis muscle; stoppage of nose; nausea; in bed and after rising, emission of flatulence; diarrhoea, etc.; hoarseness, etc.; foul breath; coldness, etc.
 (Forenoon), When rising on horseback, vertigo; headache; coldness of feet.

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