Cannabis sativa

 C. sativa, Linn. Nat. order (Cannabineae), Urticaceae. Preparation: Tincture of the twigs and young leaves of the fresh European (or American) plant, collected when in flower.

 Emotional. At times raging delirium, so that he spits into people’s faces). After an application to the head, convulsions, subsultus tendinum, death. The post-mortem showed tubercles and pus in the lungs, inflammation of the pleura and diaphragm, firm polypi in the cavities of the heart*). In part joyous, in part earnest delirium). Subject of S. 304*). State of mind cheerful, serenely self-contented. Curative reaction from the opposite condition). Gayety, as from intoxication (after one hour). Sadness. Depressed, out of humor. For several days, especially at dinner, he has a desire for wine to enliven his depressed mood. After taking wine and water he grew more excited, cheerful, but only while the effect of the wine lasted; after that the former nausea and discomfort returned. Anxious mood. He became anxious and apprehensive in the pit of the stomach, with oppression of the breath and palpitation; rising of something warm into the throat, with arrest of breathing; soon something became lodged in the trachea, with flushes of heat. Extreme fear of the bed, in which, however, he afterwards lay down). Frightened at the slightest noise (after one and a quarter hours). Fretful, especially in the afternoon. He is very much angered and frenzied by trifles. Unsteadiness and oscillation of mood. Despondent in the forenoon, lively in the afternoon. Mind calm. Nothing pleases him; he is indifferent to everything. Intellectual. Afternoon and evening, his thoughts are confused, so that he can no longer distinguish truth from imagination, with a kind of forgetfulness. Thus, he does not know all the evening what remedy he has taken, and is not certain the following day that it was сannabis. He writes something in an entirely wrong place, and in not conscious of it till the next day. At the same time heat and congestion to the head, but he is cold as soon as he goes into the open air. Wavering and uncertainty of the mind; the ideas became overwhelmingly vivid. He is very absentminded, cannot comprehend anything properly, often does not know exactly what to write, and says one thing for another when speaking. The ideas seem to stand still; he stares in front of him; he is absorbed in higher thoughts, but is unconscious of them, with slight sensation of pressive headache in the parietal bone. He makes frequent mistakes in writing. He was able to recollect different things; the ideas remained fixed, stationary, after fixing his mind a long time upon the subject he was preparing. Loss of mind, senseless, without fantasies.

 Eyes.
 Sensation of weakness in the eyes, with weakness of vision; both far and near objects are indistinct (after one and a half hours). Sensation in the right eye as if a grain of sand were in it;he must rub it. вurning in the eyes, evenings. Sensation of spasmodic drawing in the eyes (after three- quarters of an hour). Pressure from behind the eyes forward (after three-quarters of an hour). Orbit. Sensation as if the eyebrows were pressed down. Lids. Pressure in the eyelids that made it difficult to open them, and sticking in the orbits. Tearing pressure in the upper lid. вall. The cornea becomes obscured; (film over the eye). Gray cataract). The original is suffusions oculorum, and occurs in a list of observed effects of hemp. Though assuredly this phrase may mean cataract (Celsus VII, 7, 14), yet it seems very unlikely that the author means to hazard in this manner so starting an assertion as that hemp can cause it. Hughes*). Pressing and itching in the eyeballs; scratching and burning in the throat for several days, he is compelled to hawk, and cough hackingly dry; later much mucus is loosened in the morning, and he ejects a good deal without exertion (curative effect). Pupils. Alternating dilatation and contraction of the pupils in the same light (after one hour). Vision. A circle of white flaming rays on the right side near the field of vision, so that only a portion of objects is indistinctly seen. Mornings on waking, nothing but vertical, shining, white points that move in the lines from one eye to the other; they did not cease until some time after he was up; later, occasionally flickering before the eyes; light and dark dots float in different directions before the vision.
 Ears.
 Pain behind the right ear, as if one pushed forcible with a blunt point. сoarse sharp stitches in the mastoid process. Smarting pain in the external cartilage of the ear, which may have been pressed upon while lying at night in bed. Sensation as though a membrane were stretched before the ears. A throbbing dragging in the ear, which extends almost to the cheeks, disappearing immediately on stooping, and again returning on becoming erect (after three hours). Momentary pain, as if the external ear were drawn out of the head. Sticking in the ears and pain in the throat, three hours after, at ten in the morning; then cold and heat alternating with dull headache, increased by motion or stooping, and as if everything in the head were shaken; she was obliged to hold herself perfectly straight when walking or to sit still and lean back; supporting herself on the right side was easier; besides she often had stitches in the head, on the left side, near the skull and opposite to it; behind the right ear the stitches were so violent that she involuntarily started; this lasted even at night during sleep, so that she constantly moaned and groaned and complained, and was frequently awakened. Stitches in the external meatus while chewing. Fine stitches in the left ear from within outward. Throbbing in the ears. A sensitive jerking pain in the right tympanum, extending thence to the shoulder. Hearing. Ringing in ears. Tinnitus aurium. Roaring in the ears. A sound in the left ear, as if the string of an instrument were struck, and reverberates a long time (after four days).
 Nose.
 Objective. Itching-swelling in the wing of the nose (after a few hours). Sneezing and sensation of stopped coryza, although air passed through the nose. вleeding of the nose. вlood spurts from the nose until one faints. From the odor alone*). Dryness and dry sensation in the nose (after five days). Subjective. Dryness of the nose. Dryness and heat in the nose. Feeling of warmth in the nose, as though it would bleed. Stupefying pressure, as with a dull point, on the root of the nose.
 Face.
 Pale face. Paleness of the face. Paleness of the face). Merely a statement that the man was pale, but otherwise in good health*). Very decided paleness and sunkenness of the face for a long time. Slight palpitations in various portions of the face, especially in the left buccinator. сheeks. Her left cheek is red and the right one pale, with some pain in a right tooth; the left cheek is not hot to the touch; in spite of the redness, she experiences no internal heat. Drawing-pressure in the left malar bone. The right upper jaw swelled on the gum with a painful bunch on it, as if from an ulcerated tooth. сhina Stupefying compressive pain in the left side of the chin, which affects the teeth of the same side. Fine pricking in the left ramus of the lower jaw; when this ceases it is always followed by drawing.

 Confusion and Vertigo. сonfusion of head. сonfusion, obscuration of the head. сonfused head; it feels heavy, and she feels a painful pressure in the forehead and on the eyelids, so that they threaten to close. Vertigo. Attacks of vertigo. Vertigo when standing, with dizziness. Vertigo when walking, with tendency to fall sideways (after one hour). Dizziness and confusion of the head. She is always dizzy, as if everything would turn around with her. Head always as if dizzy, and it seems to her as if it moved from one side to the other. General Head. сongestion to the head when writing (first hour). Rush of blood to the head, which causes a pleasant warmth in it, though with a pressive headache in the temples. Great rush of blood to the head. вlood often rushes to the head, causing heat and flushes. Pleasant warmth in the brain. Dulness and whirling in the head (immediately). A painful sensation in the head and neck on moving the head. Headache. Violent headache. A very piercing headache. See S. 284*). Violent throbbing, with heat of the head and fever, with which he was obliged to lie down. Uninterrupted headache the whole day. Throbbing and pressure in the head (after ten minutes). Jerking, as if in the blood of the head, chest, and stomach. Forehead. Slight headache in the forehead (after five minutes). Painful constriction in the forehead. The forehead feels compressed from the margin of the orbits as far as the temples; not relieved by stooping. Drawing pain through the forehead (seven minutes after 50 drops). Pressure beneath the frontal eminence, extending deep through the brain to the occiput. Throbbing from within outward beneath the left frontal eminence; soon afterwards a stupefying pressure in this place. Temples. In the morning, palpable and visible throbbing of the right temporal artery. A kind of tickling and cramp in the temples (after three-quarters of an hour). Pressure in the temples. Throbbing headache, extending forward into the right temple, together with warmth about the head, red and hot cheeks; the nausea was increased in the warmth. Vertex. сontinual headache in the top of the head, as though a stone were lying upon it. Parietals. A cold sensation in a small spot on the parietal bone (afterwards also in other places on the head), as if a drop of cold water had been dropped upon it. When leaning the head against a wall, a pressure internally in the other side of the head. Violent tearing and boring in the right cranial bones (a symptom which formerly I have often noticed when not proving). Occiput. Heaviness and heat in the occiput, lasting till evening. Tension, first in the occiput, then also in the forehead, lastly in temples (after half an hour). Drawing pain in the occiput, extending to the ears. Pressive pain in the right side of the occiput. External Head. On the hairy scalp, in the nape of the neck, and behind the ears, painful pimples that heal after several days, without making scabs, and are painfully sensitive to the touch. сrawling in scalp.

 Teeth and Gums. A hollow tooth crumbled away, and the pieces are like hard leather. Teeth dull, as if after acid. сramplike pain in the teeth of thee left lower jaw. Drawing pain in a hollow tooth, with swelling of the gums; worse evenings. Slight drawing in the hollow tooth, especially if something acid touches it. Toothache; drawing in a hollow tooth after some vexation; after trying to suck the air from it with his tongue it changes to violent sticking. Shooting in several teeth at the same time, with fine pricking in them. The gums around hollow broken tooth inflamed, swelled, and painful; even a slight drawing in the root. Tongue. Thickly coated tongue. General Mouth. A bitter sour liquid rises into the mouth, with eructations. Dryness of the mouth, throat, and lips. Dryness of the mouth; the saliva is sticky, with loss of thirst, especially in the evening, and hot hands. In the morning, burning dryness of the palate. Taste. Loss of taste. Speech. Speech difficult). In subjects, S. 311, q.v. He was utterly unable to speak as usual; at one time he missed a word, at another he lost the voice (for four hours); towards evening these attacks were repeated; there was at one time a torrent of words, as of one were driving him; at another time he faltered in his speech, so that he sometimes spoke the same word ten times in succession in the same breath; at times his whole idea was anxiously repeated, and it angered him if he was unable to repeat it in the same words.
 Throat.
 Tasteless water rises into the throat and gets into the trachea, so that he is obliged to swallow, without nausea or retching. Hawking of mucus; it is raised with difficulty, and irritates his throat. Burning in the throat). (*As S. 132*). Pain in the throat, as if sore, with great sensation of dryness, worse mornings in bed; after rising a small lump of mucus is discharged from the throat, which afforded much relief (second day).

 Abdomen.
 Hypochondria. Painful hard swelling of the right hypochondrium. Liver found diseased, post-mortem*). Dull sticking in the left side, just below the ribs, when breathing and when not. вeating as with a hammer in the left side below the lowest ribs, extending towards the back. Umbilical. Several mornings, from eight to ten, sensation below the navel as if he had taken cold, with movings in the abdomen, though without diarrhoea. Pain on the left side near the navel, and also posteriorly near the spine, as if the parts were pinched and compressed by pincers. Griping just above the navel (after eating). Pain in the right side near the navel like a beating from within outward. General Abdomen. (Sac-like swelling of the abdomen without swelling of the legs or feet). Subject of S. 322, found on post-mortem to be due to spinal incurvation; this occured eight days before death*). сomplete loss of tone of the intestines; even the strongest cathartics in the largest doses did not suffice to overcome it. Shaking of the intestines in the abdomen, on violent motion of the arms, as if the intestines were quite loose. Movings in the abdomen, followed by dull stitches in the left side extending to the ear. Incarcerated flatus in the upper and lower abdomen, lasting until evening, with colic pains. Noisy passage of flatus in the morning. Pain in the abdomen, cutting; did not stop after rubbing, and only diminished after drinking cold water. Slight pain always before stool, as if before menses. Fulness of the abdomen, which compelled deep breathing. Pinching in the abdomen as if to stool (after half an hour). Griping in the whole abdomen. сolic-like pains in the upper abdomen, followed by diarrhoea-like stool and smarting pain in the anus. A stitch from within outward in the sides of the abdomen. Dull stitches in both sides of the abdomen in the evening, in bed, they then extend up the back and stitch in like manner between the shoulder-blades, and again extend downward along the sides of the abdomen. Transient pinching stitches in the abdomen. All the intestines pain as if bruised. The abdomen and chest are painful externally). (*As S. 132*). Anxious throbbing in the upper abdomen like a strong pulsation. Shivering in the abdomen as from the moving of cold water in it (after eight minutes). Sharp shocks in the sides of the abdomen just below the ribs. Painful jerks in the abdomen, moving from one place to another, as if something living were in it, accompanied by drawing from the left hip-bone across to the right and thence into the knee; still however the pain remained in the hip, where it seemed like a tearing, pushing pain. Hypogastrium and Iliac Regions. Griping in the lower abdomen and cutting in the loins. Tickling sensation in the parietes of the lower abdomen (after half an hour). Sensitive shocks above the left groin. Pain and pressing outward in the abdominal ring as if the parts would suppurate.
 Rectum and Anus.
 A pressing in the rectum and sacral region as if the intestines were sinking down and would be pressed out while sitting. Sticking in the rectum, with a kind of contraction of the sphincter; often during the day, especially when walking (first day). сonstrictive pain in the anus, together with a sensation as if the thighs were drawn together, so that she was obliged to close them. Sensation in the anus as if something trickled out on to the skin which was cold. Urgency to stool after dinner; later, itching in the rectum with slight stitches in it. Woke up at 6 with desire to stool; went twice but only passed very much noisy flatus; urgency to stool continued. After taking a cup of coffee and smoking a pipe the sensation of disagreeable urgency ceased, and a somewhat hard stool succeeded; but nausea and inclination to vomit set in, that was only allayed by keeping quiet. Urgency to stool; tenesmus and urinating continued, so that he could hardly walk. After coffee and a pipe of tobacco some evacuation of crumbling stool, and decrease of the symptoms, but he was soon obliged to vomit up the coffee, which was strongly mixed with mucus.
 Stool.
 The usually regular stool appears irregularly, sometimes mornings, sometimes afternoons, sometimes evenings, usually with a kind of tenesmus; only a little is evacuated by straining, and a sensation of tenesmus remains after it. Sometimes he is suddenly urged to stool, and forcibly evacuates a pappy or rather liquid substance with relief. Stool sometimes like diarrhoea, sometimes hard. Stool quite thin and yellowish; she thought it was flatus, but passed this stool. Stool scanty, crumbling, with passage of flatus. The usual stool for the first five days; for the next two days it was completely suppressed.

 Appetite. For several days he has a great deal of appetite, evenings; eats more than he ought to, and feels uncomfortable in consequence. Loss of appetite. сomplete loss of appetite. On taking food which he relished he soon became satisfied, with transient nausea rising into the throat. His breakfast-cocoa relishes tolerably, but he can take very little, and feels neither hungry nor satisfied; growling and rumbling in the abdomen, in the stomach like a slight cramp; when he thinks of what he could eat he has no desire for anything, and yet he feels as if his stomach were empty. Eructations and Hiccough. Eructations. Eructations of air. Eructations of a bitter acrid fluid. Eructation, with taste of bread, after breakfast; later empty eructation. Violent hiccough in the morning. Heartburn. Nausea and Vomiting. Nausea, causing a desire to vomit. Nausea and inclination to hawk mucus, and vomiting, lessened after drinking coffee. Nausea, discomfort, and prostration all day; frequent empty eructations, with fulness in the abdomen, no appetite with it, but tolerable relish when he eats. Waked December 12th with nausea and inclination to vomit, as the day before, although he and eaten little the evening before and only drank water; uncomfortable all the morning; yawns sleepily, indolent, not inclined to anything. When waking later he still feels nausea, which is increased by thinking of food he has eaten. December 11th, in the morning he awakes with great nausea and inclination to vomit, especially when lying on the right side; lying on the left relieved it; finally the excessive inclination to vomit ceased, and allowed him to sleep again. Gagging, with inclination to vomit. A retching sensation suddenly rises up into the throat, as from acidity of the stomach. A retching in the pit of the stomach rises thence into the throat. Excessive inclination to vomit, and vomiting, with great exertion, of mucus, bitterish at first, then flat, which left the teeth dull, directly after taking; immediately afterwards hunger; he eat something with relish. Vomiting of slimy, bitter water; with scrap in the throat, followed by dulness and confusion of the head in the occiput. Vomiting, directly after coffee, of touch acid mucus (after twelve days). Green bilious vomiting). Local effect, see S.314*). Stomach. It seems in the stomach as if he had taken cold, especially in the forenoon, with movings in the abdomen and gripings, though without diarrhoea. Several attacks of most violent pain in the stomach at various times, with paleness of the face and sweat on the face; almost pulseless, with rattling breathing, as if dying. Subject of S. 332, 333, 310, 336; heart found much enlarged, post-mortem*). сutting across the upper part of the stomach, after stooping. сramp in the stomach. сramplike pressure in the stomach during several mornings. The stomach is extremely painful to touch, as if ulcerating; this disappears on eating. Pinching in the pit of the stomach. Pressure in the pit of the stomach. сutting in the pit of the stomach. Uninterrupted dull stitches in front near the pit of the stomach, just below the ribs, which varied in intensity; they were momentarily relieved by bending the trunk forward or backward, but soon returned.

 Kidneys. Drawing pain in the region of the kidneys extending into the inguinal glands, with anxious nauseous sensation in the pit of the stomach. Pain in the region of the kidneys as if ulcerated, when touched and when not. Urethra. Orifice of the urethra somewhat inflamed, painful, and somewhat hard to the touch. Painless mucous discharge from the urethra (a beginning of gonorrhoea. Painless discharge of clear, transparent mucus from the urethra, without erections. Watery mucous discharge from the urethra. The orifice of the urethra was agglutinated by moisture, which could be seen by pressing it out. Pain extending from the orifice of the urethra backward, burning-biting, posteriorly more sticking, while urinating. The urethra feels inflamed and sore to touch along its whole length; during erections, tensive pain. вurning while urinating, but especially just after urinating. вurning while urinating, but especially afterward; worse in the evening. вurning along the whole urethra, though only at the commencement and end of urinating. While urinating, at first burning from the glans backward, after urinating, a biting pain. Simple, but violent burning in the forepart of the urethra, while passing urine. When not urinating, some burning pain in the forepart of the urethra, which compels him to urinate almost constantly, even when there is no more urine to pass. вurning in the orifice of the urethra, while urinating. Pressure as if to urinate, especially in the forepart of the urethra, when not urinating. сutting pain in the forepart of the urethra, when urinating. Stitches along the urethra, when not urinating. Stitching in the end of the urethra, which is repeated several times, but not on urinating. вurning stitches in the posterior portion of the urethra, while urinating (after ten hours). Jerking stitches in the posterior portion of the urethra, when standing. Itching-tickling stitches in the forepart of the urethra. Tearing as if in the fibres of the urethra in the form of a zigzag. Sticking-biting pain on urinating; biting when not urinating. Very fine sticking-pricking in the forepart of the orifice of the urethra, when not urinating. Itching in the urethra. Urging to urinate with pressive pain. Frequent desire to urinate with pressure and urgency, occasionally some burning; with the urine, especially mornings, quite whey-like and turbid. Micturition. The stream of urine was forked. Less passage of urine than usual. Enuresis; he is obliged to urinate frequently at short intervals, and passes a large quantity of watery urine (immediately). Difficulty in urinating; paralysis of the bladder (the urethra had at first to be evacuated by the catheter, but afterwards this could not be done, because it became clogged by mucus and pus)). In subject S. 180, eight days before death, after paraplegia had lasted some time*). Urine. White turbid urine. Urine red and turbid. Urine full of fibres, as of mucus, with pus.

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