Oenanthe crocata

 Oenanthe crocata, Linn.
 Natural order: Umbelliferae.
 Preparation: Tincture of the root.

 Furious delirium. Delirium. Very marked symptoms of maniacal delirium. Delirium and insensibility; restless, and with difficulty kept in bed; when roused he did not speak, but stared vacantly, and seemed in a state of madness (after seven hours and a half); still restless and insane (after twenty-four hours); delirious (ninth and tenth days). Delirium like delirium tremens; the patients constantly moved from place to place, talked without cessation, and without knowing what they said; they grasped at imaginary objects. Excessive excitement; she talked to herself, swore and blasphemed, while at the same time she was seized with convulsive laughter. The patients refused everything that was offered, and constantly endeavored to escape, so that it was necessary to keep constant watch over them. One ran mad, but his reason returned next morning. Semi-delirium in almost all.
 Approaching delirium (twelfth day). In one the most prominent symptom was extreme restlessness, approaching to mania. Lost control of myself and was unconscious of what I was doing or saying. When slapped on the cheeks he bounds up indignantly, stammering out in pitiful remonstrance, Wisha, don’t, then, and covers his head impatiently; he is immediately buried in unconsciousness again (after four hours). It seemed to her as if she were flying. Depression of spirits (second day). Great oppression, with extreme anxiety. Moans (second day). Temper irritable (third day). General malaise. Much confused in intellect, and vacant in expression (second day); consciousness has quite returned, but all is a blank since he ate the root up to this morning (third day). She thought that she was transported to a very great elevation. They were all absolutely unconscious.
 Loss of sensibility. сomplete insensibility. In a state of insensibility (after one hour and a half). Stupor for several days. Lay for some hours in a state of stupor. Slight symptoms of coma (after six hours and a half). сoma.

 Vertigo. Vertigo like intoxication. The first attacked was seized with vertigo and fell; the other, while placing him on his back, fell also. Dizziness in the head (one case). Felt dizzy and strangely (after twenty minutes). Dizziness in his head for some time. Giddiness. Great giddiness, with vast uneasiness and sickness at stomach, but no vomiting (after ten or fifteen minutes). сomplained of giddiness, and immediately fell to the ground. Giddy, in one case. Giddiness (second day). Giddiness (eleventh day). Giddy, so that several times he was obliged to quit the room and walk out in the fresh air to recover himself; but when the doors and windows of his room were opened, he could finish his work without giddiness. General Head. Headache and giddiness (seventh day). Headache. Violent pain in the head. Pain in the head (second day). Pain in head (fifth day). сomplained greatly of pain all over him, but particularly in the head (after one hour and a half).
 Eye.
 Eyes very much sunk (ninth day). Eyes full and projecting, pupils dilated. It inflamed the eye much, and caused the other eye to swell and inflame. Injection of the eye (seventh day). Lid and вall. Eyelids spasmodically closed (after four hours). Eyelids half closed (after six hours and a half). Eyeballs drawn upward and inward and firmly fixed. Pupil. The pupils of the eye in all cases were widely dilated; the eyes themselves were fixed, and were never moved, the retinae being apparently insensible to light, as the children never manifested any sigh of recognizing those who were attending to them. Pupils very much contracted.
 Pupil of eye contracted to the size of a pin’s head (after one hour and three-quarters). Pupils first contracted, afterwards dilated. Pupils dilated; expression uncertain and haggard. Pupils dilated and insensible. Pupils dilated. Dilatation of pupils, for several days. Much dilatation of the pupils, and redness of the eyes. Vision. Vision impaired. Disturbance of vision. Obscuration of vision. Saw nothing on awaking.
 Ear and Nose.
 Hears nothing on awaking. Tip of the nose very red (second day).
 Hemorrhage from the nose (in one case).
 Face.
 Swelling of the face. Rapid convulsive twitching of muscles of face. Face swollen, flushed (second day). Face flushed up during his struggles, livid when quiet. Face flushed (second day). Face congested (after seven days). Face black (after one hour). Face swollen and livid. Face livid and turgid. Face livid (sixth day).
 Face pale and cold. Pallor of face. The face immediately became very pale, and he said he felt as though he had eaten some tobacco. Pale face. Features very pale. Ghastly pallor of the cutaneous surface of the face, with blackening round the eyelids.
 Looked pale. сountenance anxious (after eleven days). сountenance anxious, depressed (after six hours and a half). Lips. Lips livid (after seven hours and a half). Lips blue (seventh day). Jaw. An emetic was with great difficulty forced down, on account of his jaws being, as it were, locked together. Jaws closed fast, so that very little could be given him. Jaws rigidly closed. Jaws locked (in one case). Two boys, aged five and eight, were lock jawed, and after writhing in pain for some hours, died. Jaws closed spasmodically. Impracticable to introduce emetics by the mouth, notwithstanding the use of a dilator, in consequence of spasm of lower jaw. In one instance, owing to the spasm of the jaw, no emetic could be introduced. Muscles of mastication of rigid spasm.

 Tongue. сonvulsive movements of the teeth. Tongue half bitten through about an inch from the vertex. Tongue sore and swollen (second day); raw at tip and edges (third day). Tongue swollen and protruded. Tongue protruded with difficulty, swollen, white, blistered (second day); white, its edges ulcerated (third day); coated; moist, red at the tip (fifth day). Tongue swollen (after six hours and a half); red at the tip (second day); white (fourth day); moist (sixth day); coated, moist (after seven days). Tongue slightly coated (second day); white (third day). Tongue moist, slightly furred (seventh day). Tongue slightly coated (sixth day). Tongue clean, moist, and trembling. General Mouth. Foaming at the mouth; (after one hour). He foamed considerably at the mouth. Frothy mucus, with blood about their mouths. вloody mucus oozed from the mouth. Mouth dry and parched (second day). Mouth parched (third day). Speech. Loss of speech. Speechless (after one hour and three-quarters). Speechless.
 Throat.
 Much mucus in the throat (second day). Pressure on the throat given pain; it is sore when he swallows (fifth day). Inflammation of the throat and pharynx. Inflammation of the throat and oesophagus. сonstriction of the throat. Sensation of burning and constriction in the larynx. вurning heat in the throat. вurning heat in the throat and stomach. Heat in throat. Great heat in the throat. Violent heat in throat and stomach. Great heat in the throat and stomach. Loud rattles in the trachea (after six hours and a half). To make him swallow was impossible. She had lost the power of deglutition (after one hour and three-quarters).
 Voice. Very hoarse (seventh day). сough and Expectoration. сoughs slightly, and expectorates with mucus (third day); expectoration bloody (fourth day); cough troublesome, sputum dark, but not so bloody (seventh day); expectoration copious (ninth day); very copious, loose, and less bloody; easy, and becoming white (tenth day). Short cough (second day). Much mucus in the throat raised with freedom (second day); expectorates a white frothy phlegm (third day); expectorates a heavy greenish-yellow matter (fourth day); frequent cough, with copious purulent expectoration, in the forenoon; cough and expectoration frequent, in the evening (sixth day); spits a large quantity of heavy purulent mucus (seventh day); expectorates with great difficulty the same dark-greenish matter (ninth day). Respiration. Spasmodic respiration. A convulsive attempt at respiration was made to expel the blood and froth from the mouth. вreathing convulsive. вreathes heavily (second day); breathing short, in the morning; laborious, hurried with loud tracheal rattles, in the evening (third day); breathing easier (fourth day); much shorter (seventh day); more oppressed (eighth day); laborious (ninth day); very short (tenth day); slight mucous rattle in the trachea (eleventh day). вreathing labored. вreathing stertorous and labored. вreathing hurried (after seven hours and a half); labored (second day). вreathing short (after six hours and a half); hurried (second day); hurried, slight rattling in trachea (second day); short and difficult when she moved (seventh day); loud mucous rattles in the trachea (eleventh day). Shortness of breath, with sudden distension of the abdomen (second day). вreathing slow and labored, interrupted by constant sighing and convulsive cough.
 Difficult respiration. вreathing free (after one hour and three- quarters). Respiration very difficult. Occasionally there was a sudden cessation of breathing, followed by a catching sigh, indicating probable spasm of the diaphragm. Respiration hardly perceptible.

 Nausea and vomiting. Nauseated, and vomited up nearly the whole of the root (after twenty minutes). Nausea and sickness, which were soon relieved, if vomiting supervened. Vast uneasiness and sickness at stomach, but no vomiting, with great uneasiness (after ten or fifteen minutes). Vomiting. Vomited blood. Vomiting and diarrhoea. They vomited in their fits. Great retching; at the first attempt he threw up about half a pint of clear watery liquid; at the first and third attempts hardly anything.
 Tenderness at stomach (eleventh day). A cute pain in the stomach.
 Pain in pit of stomach, with slight fever (eighth and ninth days). Pain in the stomach. Violent pains in the epigastric region. Pain in the epigastric region. вurning in the stomach.
 Heat in stomach. вiting heat in the epigastric region, without nausea. Warmed her stomach very much.
 Abdomen.
 Abdomen distended like a balloon. Distension of the abdomen.
 Abdomen greatly distended. Sudden distension of the abdomen, with shortness of breathing (second day). вelly greatly swelled.
 Abdomen rather hard (eleventh day). Violent colic. сolic pains in the abdomen (second day). Tenderness, hardness, and pain in the abdomen (second day). вelly very tender (third day). Griping or severe tormina. Tumescence of the abdomen. сough gives pain in the region of the liver and in the head (second day). The slightest touch on any part of the abdomen causes great pain (second day).
 Rectum and Stool.
 Great desire for stool, which went off in three minutes.
 Diarrhoea. вowels moved involuntarily (after seven hours and a half).

 Appetite and thirst. Total loss of appetite. Thirst (eleventh day). Thirst (third day). Desires cold drinks, in the evening (third day). Eructation and Hiccough. сonstant and continued eructations strongly flavored by the plant. Hiccough. Very distressing hiccough. сardialgia. Nausea and Vomiting. Nausea, without vomiting. Nausea. Frequent nausea, without vomiting.

 Micturition painful (after five days). Urine plentiful, dark- colored, turbid (eleventh day). Increased flow of urine, in which there was a copious sediment. Urine clear, high-colored (fifth day). Passed a pint of urine, reddish, and depositing a copious white sediment (second day); urine reddish, thick, high-colored (third day); dark, with sediment (fifth day); plentiful and still thick (tenth day). No urine since midnight, at 10 p.m; thick, dark-colored, at midnight (second day); free, dark-colored, with sediment (fifth day). Semi-priapism (second day).

 Chest.
 Chest firmly fixed. On the right side of the chest there is dulness on percussion, the natural murmur wanting, a short bronchial sound; on the left side, sonorous rattles; the heart’s action quick, weak, with a thrilling sensation communicated to the hand (fifth day). Pain in chest and abdomen (second day).
 Pain in the right side under the ribs (eleventh day). Pain in breast (after six hours and a half). Pain in breast (after ten hours and a half).

 Pain in the heart. Acceleration of the pulse. The pulse at first was about 100 in the minute, but it soon became hardly perceptible, and in all the cases was imperceptible for hours previous to death. Pulse feeble, at 8 p.m; soft, greatly accelerated, in the evening (third day); fuller, about 100, at 8 p.m (fourth day); soft, 112, at 1 (fifth day); feeble, 120, at 10 p.m (seventh day); soft, feeble, very frequent (eighth day). Pulse frequent and feeble, at noon (second day). 108, soft (fifth day); soft, 90 (seventh day); very small and feeble (eleventh day). Pulse 84, feeble and irregular (first day); 84, rising to 108, on sitting up (second day). Pulse soft, feeble, 78, much accelerated by slight exertion (second day). Slow feeble pulse. Feeble pulse. Pulse very small, feeble, rather slow. Pulse sort, irregular, 48 to 52. Pulse 40, small and wiry (after one hour and three- quarters). Pulse almost imperceptible. Pulse scarcely to be felt (first case). Pulseless.

 Lost the use of his limbs (after one hour and a half). Arms flexed at elbow in a right angle. Irritation of the hands and arms, with sharp lancinating pains. Rapid convulsive twitching of muscles of hands. Hands firmly clenched. Tendency to cramps in lower extremities. Legs stretched straight out.

 He fell back, foaming at the mouth and black in the face. Gave a leap and then fell, receiving, in the fall, a severe injury to the forehead (one case). Trunk powerfully bent forward. All reflex excitability was gone; irritation of the fauces; by putting in the stomach-pump did not in the least excite any tendency to vomit. One lost his hair and nails. It was impossible to get them to swallow anything. They never spoke or uttered any cry indicating that they were in pain. One seemed rather mesmerized than comatose. Risus sardonicus, and other symptoms.
 Reeling. Long-continued rigors, and it almost proved fatal (after a tablespoonful). In a state of almost immovable rigidity; insensible, moaning, and breathing stertorously; countenance livid; eyes fixed; pupils dilated; sanguineous foam issuing from the mouth; intense action of the dorsal and lumbar muscles, or opisthotonos; the pulse very feeble, and the heart’s action even scarcely perceptible; lower jaws firmly locked; the tongue much injured and slightly protruding; in eight or ten minutes from the time of first seeing him, he expired gently and without a struggle. Severe rigors. вody rigid. Rigors. They were in great agonies, with violent heat in stomach and throat, before they fell into convulsions. Occasional general convulsions. The convulsions were not of the body, but of the mouth, face, and extremities. In about half an hour they were all seized with symptoms of poisoning, and one died soon after in strong convulsions. When placed in a sitting posture, his head would fall forward or backward, or to the shoulder, but when replaced on the pillow he tossed his head from side to side, accompanied by jactitations of the hands. Jactitation, if not convulsions, in almost all. Numbness, nausea, horrid convulsions, and at last tetanic stiffness, coma, and death; almost all died. The first attacked with symptoms of poisoning was a boy, aged three years; whilst eating a cake he fell down in convulsions, and was quite unconscious (after a quarter of an hour); he remained this way till 10 o’clock that night, when he died. Immediately afterwards, a little boy, aged five years, and a girl, about the same age (both of whom had had some of the root), were attacked in the same way. The boy died about o’clock that evening; the girl recovered. In another house, a girl, aged six years, was attacked, together with a boy about the same age. The girl died the next afternoon about 4 o’clock; the boy recovered. There were others affected, but in a lesser degree. The signs of poisoning were the same in all the cases; about fifteen minutes after eating the root they became unconscious, and were violently convulsed, at the same time the jaws were closely locked, the mouth covered with foam, in some cases mixed with a little blood; the convulsive fits recurred, one after another, with extreme rapidity, there being scarcely an interval of half a minute between each; in the case of the girl, who lived nearly a day, there was considerably opisthotonos, or arching of the back, on the second day, which had taken the place of the violent general convulsions of the previous evening; about three hours before she died the convulsions ceased altogether; she, however, remained in a state of coma till her death; the other two died in the convulsions. In one hour, some fell into syncope and convulsions; one died before the doctor arrived, two hours after supper; a second was expiring; a third showed no signs of life but trembling and convulsions. The activity of the poison was so sudden that I saw two fall into a swoon, whilst, at perfect ease about themselves, they were busily lavishing attention upon their sick comrades. Guillaume Trelacheau, a man strong and robust constitution, seemed the most hopeless. The upturning of his eyes, the contraction of his lower jaw, the feebleness of pulse, the inability to move, feel, or know anything, with a universal chill spread over his an emetic, I had him rolled and well shaken in a blanket, by eight men, for two hours; he recovered warmth, and then insensibly movement and life; the first signs were efforts to vomit, which, aided by the emetic, were effectual. The vomiting went on for days, take what he would. He fell asleep for fifteen hours. The third day his tongue was extremely sore and swollen from biting during the convulsions. He remembered nothing that had befallen him from the first to the third day of his illness, nor of the circumstances that had accompanied, not those which had caused it. The eldest suddenly fell backwards without any premonitory symptoms, and lay kicking and sprawling on the ground; his countenance soon turned very ghastly, and he foamed at the mouth (after four or five hours); soon after, four more were seized in the same way, and they all died before morning, not one having spoken a word. Terrible convulsions, followed by tetanic rigidity, coma, and death. Most violent convulsions and death in less than an hour from the time of taking the poison.
 They mangled their tongues in a shocking manner. Violent convulsions, solely affecting the flexors throughout the body.
 Violently convulsed, and in the space of one hour was a corpse.
 Strongly and repeatedly convulsed, and appeared to be hastening into an apoplectic condition; death in a quarter of an hour.
 Dreadfully convulsed for some hours, and died in the most excruciating agony. Very severe convulsions, which, in about fifteen minutes, deprived him, of his senses, and continued, with a few intermissions, till he died, which was in about three hours and a half. Fell convulsed; struggled so violently that several strong men could scarcely hold him; he suddenly died in a fit (after one hour and a quarter). Fell down convulsed, and died within a quarter of an hour. Fell down in strong convulsions; the struggling was soon over, and he became better, but retained a wild expression of countenance, which was pale, and in a short time he had another fit; about half an hour later it was manifest that he was dying; his bloated livid face, the sanguineous foam about his mouth and nostrils, the stertorous snort and convulsive breathing, extreme prostration and insensibility plainly indicated that every remedial measure would be useless; he died in five minutes. Very violent convulsions succeeded each other with very great rapidity, and were followed by death. сonvulsions soon came on, and she lost her senses (after ten or fifteen minutes); in half an hour more the convulsions had become stronger and quicker; no sensibility; mouth firmly open; scarcely any pulse at the wrist, and extremities cold; she soon died.
 Seized while stepping from the boat; insensibility, convulsions, foaming at the mouth, and almost instantaneous death. Loss of speech and consciousness, followed by terrible convulsions, which lasted three-quarters of an hour, and terminated in death; during the convulsions the teeth were tightly closed by trismus. In about an hour he became unconscious and convulsed, and in half an hour more he died. сonvulsed, and died in a few minutes, not more than half an hour having elapsed between the first symptoms and death. In five of the cases, including the man who died, the spasmodic accessions were severe and successive. Long in a very precarious state, passing through alternations of tetanic convulsions and insensibility. сonvulsions, with tetanic closure of the jaws and frothing at the mouth, followed by death.
 Convulsions followed by death. There were seized with convulsions, and two died. сonvulsions, and in one case death.
 Convulsions, followed by sound sleep; on awaking she neither saw nor heard anything, and being carried home, died immediately.
 Convulsions; other symptoms of vegetable poisoning, and in one case death. Fainted and fell in convulsions сonvulsions. In two of the cases it was observed that the access of the convulsions, which were alternated with sopor, was always preceded by an acceleration of the pulse. In the intervals of the convulsions the girl, aged six years, during the earlier part of her illness, protruded her tongue as far as she could, as if there were something at the base she wished to get rid of. Spasms, followed by death. Spasms. Restless, endeavoring to get up (eleventh day).
 Restless, after a fit. Debility. Debility, confining him to the bed for many days. Slight symptoms of exhaustion (after six hours and a half). Much weakness. Prostration, requiring small doses of brandy and ammonia, in one or two. His exhaustion rendered it necessary to convey him, even with care, in a cot, to the hospital. He felt ill, and having walked on a little farther, he had to rest (after one hours and a half). Faintness. Fainting.

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