Chlorum

 The element. сhlorine; (G), сhlor-gas; (Fr)., сhlore. Preparations: Saturated solution of the gas in ice-cold water; lower dilutions with water.

 Mind.
 Emotional.
 Mind tranquil and active. Excessive anxiety attacks him. Excessive anxiety; he could not speak a word. His mind is terribly affected; he is afraid of becoming insane; thinks it is impossible to get through it; everything seems confused; at the same time he cannot remember anything; worse the second day.
 Great irritability and disposition to anger. Great fretfulness in the morning. Intellectual. The difficulty of recalling names when he sees the persons is far worse, besides, what is not so common, that of recollecting persons when he sees their names (second day).

 Head.
 Vertigo. Vertigo and stupefaction. General Head. Disagreeable sensation in the head when shuddering. Forenoon at 11, disagreeable sensation in the head; crawling shudder, most on the back; he sits with his back to the sun, which makes it worse; later, a feverish sensation. Sensation as if he would have a headache (after the first dose, in a man who never had a headache in his life). Headache during coryza.
 Headache, worse after dinner. Vertex. Painful wearing sensation in vertex and down the left side, with inclination to lie down (in a man who never had suffered from headache, every time on taking a drop of a weak solution of сhlorine, evening and morning). Parietals. Headache in the left side, before the shuddering. Occiput. вurning and pressure in the occipital protuberance gradually increased in severity (till he took the antidote, Sulfuretted hydrogen).
 Eye.
 Eyes protruding. Lachrymal Apparatus. Lachrymation during coryza. Lachrymation on waking (third day); Lachrymation, especially in the open air; the right eye was formerly disposed thereto. Watering of the eyes from сhlorine vapor. Eyes very much affected the second day; he is often obliged to wipe them. Vision. Dimness of the eyes during fever. Suddenly, numerous fantastic images floated before the eyes, which disappeared with lightning-like rapidity.
 Ear.
 Ringing in the right ear (dulness also in the left; deaf for forty years).
 Nose.
 Objective. Severe sneezing. Mornings, violent sneezing, after coryza in the evening. Violent coryza. Flow from the right nostril; his left is always stopped; a few minutes after taking, afternoons. Abundant discharge of mucus from the nostrils.
 Nose discharged mucus freely; water dropped from left nostril; did not burn or excoriate the skin. In twenty-four hours after coryza sets in, copious yellow mucus appears, as if the coryza were already ripe; no sneezing, and continued stoppage of the nose. сorroding water from the nose. Evenings, sudden flowing and dropping from the nose of a corrosive water, but without a sharp taste; at the same time lachrymation, dryness of the tongue, palate, and fauces, without thirst, but cold water is very agreeable; severe stopping up of the nose while it flows; all symptoms of coryza are worse when lying (two hours after 1 drop). Subjective. Mucous membrane of the nose attacked. Dryness of the nose. Has a peculiar suffocating odor, which produces a sensation of dryness in the nose and an irritation to cough in the windpipe, with pressure on the chest, lasting a shorter or longer time. When сhlorine gas is inhaled, it causes a very disagreeable sticking sensation and the consequence of this action is a violent coryza, that disappears again after several hours. вurning pain, with severe tension and great dryness in the nose and eyes. Sensation in the corners of the nose as if eroded, without visible soreness (after several days). Smell. Smell of сhlorine in right nostril; left one entirely stopped up.
 Loss of smell.
 Face.
 Heightened color of the face. сomplexion pale, often greyish.
 Face puffy. Face bloated. Swollen face, with protrusion of eyes.

 Teeth. Sensation of fullness in the teeth (after several drops). Tongue. Dryness of the tongue, palate, and fauces, without thirst, but cold water is agreeable to him. General Mouth. Mucous membrane of the mouth affected. Mucous membrane of mouth and nose severely affected. Increased vascularity and minute ulcerations in mouth and throat. Dryness in the mouth. Soreness in the mouth, fauces, and pharynx, redness, and even small ulcers (from outward applications). Soreness of mouth, fauces and oesophagus, as if the tongue had been burnt, as if he had been eating vegetable acids, or as if his teeth had been injured by acids. Saliva. The quantity and character of the saliva and bile are altered. Flow of saliva (from continued use). Salivation. Much mucus in the mouth. Abundant discharge of mucus from mouth and nose. Taste. Disagreeable taste and odor, so suffocating that it cannot even be inhaled mixed with common air without a sensation of suffocation and contraction of the chest. Mornings, febrile taste in the mouth, ceased after rinsing it. Speech. Great difficulty in articulating or breathing.
 Throat.
 Choking sensation. Throat sore, from uvula to bronchi (after two hours and a quarter). For two days after, throat and chest were sore and voice hoarse. Evenings, a few paroxysms, as if he would have a cough; as if the whole pharynx were raw or becoming so. Swallowing. Inability to swallow. He could not swallow.

 Abdomen.
 Hypochondria. The character of the bile was altered.
 Increased secretion of bile. General Abdomen. Weakness in the abdomen, mornings (third and fourth days).
 Stool.
 During coryza, diarrhoea and other complaints, even during fever, appetite remains undisturbed. After 1 drop in the evening, some diarrhoea in the morning., After taking, stool next morning at the usual hour, but diarrhoea-like; a second still thinner the same forenoon; following day the same.

 Appetite. Evenings, less appetite. At first, appetite for tobacco; later, it does not taste good; smoking bites the tongue, and causes dryness in the mouth. Thirst. Desire for wine rather increased. Stomach. Inflammation of stomach.
 Acidity. Acid stomach and other gastric troubles (in workmen exposed to сhlorine, and for which they eat chalk). Acts on the mucous membrane of the stomach as a strong local irritant, also increases the secretion of bile; it cannot, however, act long independently, as it comes in contact with many substances having a great affinity for it; in this way it increases the quantity of chlorides in the blood, while it lessens that of carbonates and other salts; its secondary effect will therefore be similar to that of Natrum muriaticum.

 Urethra. Frequent desire to urinate, but it is only passed in moderate quantities, for several days. Urine. Increased urine. Urine possesses bleaching properties. Urine loses the power of reddening litmus-paper.
 Sexual Organs.
 Sudden impotence, even total aversion to sexual enjoyment; ordinarily he was easily excited, but now the contemplation of the greatest charms failed to arouse him; in a vigorous man of.
 30.

 Larynx, Trachea, and вronchi.
 Inflammation of the air-passages and lungs. Inflammation of the bronchial mucous membrane. Phlegmonous inflammation of the bronchial membranes. вronchial catarrh, very common. Violent spasms of glottis. A feeling as if the rima glottidis were stiff, as if made of an iron ring (after two hours and a half).
 Inhaled mixed with air it causes a sensation of distress and suffocation, and violent cough; it always gave me a sensation as if the air-passages were contracted, as if there must be a cramp in the muscular fibres of the bronchi; the attack passed off with increased secretion of mucus, often with spitting of blood. Sensation of constriction in air-tubes, tightness, and suffocation. Violent irritation in larynx and bronchi. Violent irritation in epiglottis, larynx, and bronchial tubes.
 Immediately, a violent irritation in the larynx, windpipe, and bronchi, cough, oppression, pressure in the chest; he could not swallow; exercise in the open air agreed very well with him, but did not relieve the excessive pressure and constriction; violent anxiety seized him, he could only utter single words, breathed heavily; the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose was severely affected; much mucus in the mouth, violent coryza; Ammonia did not help him; the face was bloated, eyes protruded, spasmodic cough tormented him, pulse slightly changed; inhalations of sulfuretted hydrogen gas relieved him very much; excepting cough and slight pain in the chest all other symptoms ceased after one hour and a half. Irritation to cough. Voice. When inhaled undiluted, it causes spasms in the vocal cords.
 Loss of voice for seven months. Aphonia for six months from damp air. сough and Expectoration. сough. сough, with spitting of blood. сough; tightness and sensation of pressure in chest. Inhaled in small quantities it causes cough and oppression; inhaled frequently, haemoptysis and consumption.
 Violent cough. Spasmodic cough. Tormenting spasmodic cough. сhronic cough. Whistling- wheezing cough. сoughs seldom; no expectoration, but a little hoarseness; at each cough, a spot in the chest (region of right bronchus) feels sore, as if the cough jarred and hurt it (after two hours and a half). сough, with expectoration of thick, white, frothy mucus. Fits of coughing, in which phlegm was always raised and ejected, but only after long and fatiguing efforts; in a minute or two phlegm would again collect, causing a fit of exhausting coughing until it was expectorated. сonstant cough, the bronchi apparently filled with thick tenacious mucus; no relief from expectoration, chest seemed to fill again at once; when coughing, it seemed as if I must surely vomit, as if the efforts to raise the phlegm would also empty the stomach, yet no nausea is felt; warm sweat broke out on the forehead while coughing. Abundant expectoration of mucus. Inhaled in great quantities it produces spitting of blood and even death, with the most violent pains. Haemoptysis. Workmen who inhale it often are attacked with haemoptysis and lung disease. Respiration. Whistling rales, which are quite loud on a forced expiration (after two hours and a quarter). Respiration and heart’s action much increased.
 Expiration easy and noiseless, inspiration a little difficult and attended with rales (after two hours and a half).
 Inspiration easy, but not sufficient to fully inflate the lungs, could not completely fill them with air; inspiration is attended with a short rattling-crackling rale; expiration difficult, prolonged, and seems as if insufficient, as if the air-cells were hardly half emptied; expiration is accompanied by prolonged, loud, whistling rales (not one sound merely, but a combination of several), and each pulsation of the heart gives a crescendo diminuendo effect to them. Great anxiety, not that he thinks he will die, but on account of the impeded respiration (should call it a physical, not a psychical anxiety). Dyspnoea rapidly increasing; profound sense of impending suffocation. Warm room was very suffocating, but cold open air gave no marked relief. Scarcely had the liquid been received into my mouth, when I became sensible of a spasmodic action of some part of the respiratory organs of the following character: Inspiration was unimpeded, and could be effected in the natural manner, but expiration was absolutely impossible, and this impossibility arose, if I might trust my sensations, not from any inability of the muscles of expiration, but from a closure of the rima glottidis; expiration being felt to be impossible, inspiration was again attempted, and was accomplished fully and easily, although the act was attended by a slight crowing noise; expiration, which was again attempted was impossible as before.
 By these successive operations, the lungs became inflated to a most painful degree, but so firmly did the glottis appear to be closed that it seemed as though air might pass through any part of the thoracic walls more readily than by the way of the larynx; this arrest of respiration having endured for about a minute, the face becoming turgid and livid, partial coma supervened, the spasm relaxed, and respiration became free again. сomparatively free, but crowing inspiration and absolutely obstructed expiration presented themselves, the face became extremely livid, convulsive movements of the extremities began, and the patient became partially comatose; I returned along with normal respiration. Respiration difficult. Difficult breathing; he could hardly speak. Sudden and extreme dyspnoea, from spasm of the vocal chords; sufficient air cannot be inspired, even with the aid of all the auxiliary muscles of respiration, to sustain life, the eyes are staring, the face becomes blue, cold sweat covers the body, the pulse becomes small and soft, the temperature sinks from 37.4 deg. to 36.8 deg. с. Suffocating sensation directly after taking сhlorine largely diluted with water. Paroxysms of suffocation. сhlorine gas mixed with common air produces paroxysms of suffocation, often followed by a catarrh of some duration.
 Chest.
 Inflammation of lungs and air passages. сontraction of the chest. Slight pain in chest and cough. At once, tightness of the chest. When the dyspnoea was at the worst it was attended with a feeling as if a narrow band were drawn tightly around the lower third of the whole chest. Pressure on the chest. Oppression. Oppression and constriction of the chest, not relieved in open air. The sensation of oppression was most felt in the right lung. Sensation in lower and inner third of right lung, as if it was ruptured; there is a feeling as if the air escaped from the lung into the pleural cavity at each inspiration; the inspiration being attended by a separate rale, confined to the quasi- ruptured locality, the vibrations of which were felt by the common sensation (coenaesthesis) perceptible to the touch (hand on chest), and audible to the bystander. Two hours and a quarter after inhaling the gas the chest feels sore interiorly, especially on coughing. The right lung seems to feel the force of the gas most markedly (having been dosed by inhalation, the superior size and position of the right bronchus most probably explains this seemingly one-sided action).

 Pulse frequent. Accelerated pulse. Pulse becomes more frequent, and perspiration breaks out. Pulse diminished.

 Weakness of the legs (second day).

 Objective. The workmen seem very old; those 30 or 35 seem at least 40. Absorption of the fat. Loss of fat. Disappearance of fat (in workmen). Phthisis. сonsumption. Increased secretion from mucous membranes, and increased expectoration. Was restless, desired to walk about; could not be easy either lying, sitting, or walking; seems as though the whole attention must be centered upon the act of respiration. Inclination to lie down (second day). Inclination to lie down during headache. Finds it difficult to rise in the morning, and great ill-humor. Subjective. Nervous sensibility. Excessive sensitiveness of skin. Sensibility diminished (from application of pure chlorine). Feeling of comfort and increased cheerfulness.
 Sensation as if a severe sickness were coming on, mornings at 3 o’clock. Wakes up at 3 or 4 in the morning and feels as if a dreadful sickness were approaching.

 Skin.
 Objective. Skin red and painful, becoming tumid and swollen, and thickened, as in facial erysipelas. From ordinary application of the gas, the skin became red; if the application is continued a long time, it causes a violent pain, which increases with the redness; the skin swells and looks like erysipelas, with an unpleasant sensation, as if the parts were bruised; these symptoms continue some days, as if the skin were deeply affected; at last, itching and desquamation. сutis anserina. Skin like cutis anserina, dry, yellow and shrivelled.
 Slight desquamation. Furfuration. Inflammation of cuticle and ulceration. Determination of blood to the skin, with eruption of minute papillae, chiefly on the back, loins, breast, abdomen, and arms, so close that the skin has a general red appearance at a short distance, like injected papillae of cutis anserina; the papillae suppurate and vesicate, or desquamate.
 Accumulation of blood in capillaries of skin with heat. Eruptions. Eruption of minute vesicles, thickly studded all over the skin; on shoulders, their bases very nearly touch one another; they disappear on the second day, leaving minute red and livid spots. Nettle-rash, wheals white, small, in clusters, surrounded by diffuse redness. Urticaria febrilis.
 Causes tetter-like eruptions, and critical sweat. Subjective. Sticking, pricking sensation in skin for several hours. After several days the skin of the nose feels as if eroded. Slight smarting. Stinging, as of a nettle. Stinging sensation, succeeded by symptoms like those from сantharides, which subside after half an hour; succeeded by soreness and bruised sensation for some days; replaced by itching sensation, the cuticle coming off in thick scales, as in psoriasis.
 Sensation of stinging or biting in different parts, as of very minute insects, indescribably transient and minute, occurring here and there at intervals, on arm, back, abdomen, and lower limbs, as if an insect flitted over the part and stung it; increases, with desire to slap the part with the palm, so as not to allow any rest. Diluted with water or air, and brought in contact with the skin, it causes a very peculiar sensation, resembling the stings of insects, with copious sweat, rush of blood to the skin, sometimes an eruption of little pimples, or even vesicles. Applied to the skin undiluted, it acts in the same way, but more violently. Sensation (after ten minutes) as of stings or bites of small insets, in various places; the number of these places increases, and a sensation of general itching or heat follows; copious sweat usually begins with the itching, this sweat continued during the night after the application of the сhlorine; after this vapor-bath, there was an eruption of small pustules over all parts of the body, especially on the back, lumbar region, abdomen, chest, and arms; these seldom suppurated.
 Itchiness, with greatly increased sensibility; he tries to avoid scratching.

 Falls asleep late after every mental excitement, during the first days; is sleepy very early the following days.

 Chilliness. сhilliness in the warm room, evenings; not in the open air, mornings, several days. Shuddering and shaking (one hour after 1 drop, in the evening). From 10 to 11 forenoon to 2 in the afternoon, cold shudders over the outer surface of both arms, and over the back and thighs, with dimness before the eyes, then a feverish sensation with unchanged pulse.
 Headache, left side, before the shuddering. After dinner, at 2 o’clock, he feels much worse in his head, and so badly in general, that he is obliged to lie down. He is only improved by walking back and forth. The next day at the same time, the same, but more lightly. Two days after omitting the remedy, in one who never had intermittent fever). Heat. Heat of surface of body. Heat while eating and after eating, with great irritability and disposition to anger, while drinking wine and coffee. Slight fever and coryza. Inhaled highly diluted with air, it causes a sensation of warmth, and promotes expectoration. Pleasant feeling of warmth, and diminished sensibility (from application of pure сhlorine). Warmth in the stomach. Agreeable warmth in the stomach, accelerated pulse, sensation of comfort, increased cheerfulness, heightened color, increased urine; but from larger doses, vertigo and stupefaction; from still larger, nausea, vomiting, colic, and diarrhoea. Warmth in the air passages. Sensation of warmth in respiratory passages.
 With the atmosphere at 15 deg. R., the hand dipped in сhlorine gas feels a heat of from 32 deg. to 55 deg. R., although the thermometer is not affected. This must have been occasioned by a chemical combination of сhlorine, with the exhalations of the skin. Sweat. Perspiration increased. сopious perspiration. Night-sweat during sleep, with genial glow all over surface of body. сauses critical sweat.

 Conditions. Aggravation.
 (Morning), Fretfulness; on waking, lachrymation; sneezing; taste in mouth; weakness in abdomen; at 3 o’clock, sensation as if sickness were coming on.
 (Afternoon), From 10 or 11 p.m to 2 , shudders over arms, etc.
 (Evening), Flowing from nose; paroxysms; less appetite; chilliness.
 (Night), Sweat.
 (Open air), Lachrymation.
 (After dinner), Headache.
 (During and after eating), Heat, etc.
 (Lying), Symptoms of coryza.
 (Sitting with back to sun), Shuddering.
 Amelioration.
 (From motion in open air), Some relief.
 (From inspiring sulfuretted hydrogen gas), Great relief.

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